Å»ºÏ¹ÎÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀº Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¾î·Á¿ò °Þ´Â´Ù.
Children of North Korean Mothers Find More Hardship
in the South

¡ã ¼Ò³à, ÇÑ Á¾±³´Üü º¸È£½Ã¼³ÀÎ ¼¿ï
¡®µÎ¸®Çϳª ±¹Á¦Çб³¡¯ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±â¼÷»ç ¹æ¿¡¼. ´º¿åŸÀÓÁî
Jean Chung ÃÔ¿µ. ¡ã
Seon-mi
in her dormitory room at Durihana International School in Seoul, a faith-based
shelter. Credit
Jean Chung for The New York Times
ÃÖ»óÈÆ 2018³â 11¿ù 25ÀÏ By
Choe Sang-Hun Nov. 25, 2018
´ëÇѹα¹ ¼¿ï- ¼Ò³àÀÇ ¾ö¸¶°¡ ³²ÇÑ¿¡¼ÀÇ »îÀ» Èñ¸ÁÇϸç
ºÏÇÑÀ» Å»ÃâÇßÀ¸³ª ÀνŸŸž÷Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ Áß±¹ ºÏµ¿ºÎ ¸¶À»¿¡ »ç´Â ÇÑ ³²ÀÚ¿¡°Ô
ÆÈ·È´Ù. SEOUL, South Korea - After Seon-mi¡¯s mother escaped North Korea,
hoping to find her way to South Korea, she was sold by traffickers to a man
in a northeastern Chinese village.
¼Ò³àÀÇ Çѱ¹ º¸È£Àڵ鿡 µû¸£¸é, ±× ³²ÀÚ´Â Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ Á¤½ÅºÐ¿Áõ
ȯÀÚ¿´°í ¼Ò³à¾ö¸¶´Â °¤Çô ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ Áß±¹ ½ÅºÐÁõÀÌ ¾ø¾ú±â¿¡ Åõ¿Á,
°í¹® ¶Ç´Â ±×º¸´Ù ´õÇÑ °íÅëÀ» ´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÏÇÑÀ¸·Î º¸³»Áú À§Çè¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
µÎ »ç¶÷ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾ÆÀ̰¡ Ãâ»ýÇߴµ¥ Áö±ÝÀº 11»ìÀÎ ¼Ò³à´Ù. The man was a violent schizophrenic, but the mother was trapped,
according to Seon-mi¡¯s South Korean caretakers. She lacked proper papers in
China and was vulnerable to forced repatriation to North Korea, where she could
face imprisonment, torture or worse. The two had a child, Seon-mi, who is now
11.
1990³â´ë¿¡ ±â±ÙÀÌ ºÏÇÑÀ» µ¤Àº ÀÌÈķκÎÅÍ Áö±Ý±îÁö 3¸¸
2õ¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºÏÇÑ»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Çѱ¹¿¡ ÀÔ±¹Çß´Ù. Å»ºÏ¹Îµé°ú Àαǿ¬±¸¿øµé, Çѱ¹ÀÇ °ø¹«¿øµé¿¡
ÀÇÇϸé, ±×µéÀÇ ²ûÂïÇÑ »îÀº Áß±¹¿¡¼ ºÒ¹ýü·ù¶ó´Â ½ÅºÐ ¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ¿í ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ´Â´Ù.
ÀϺδ ¼º¸Å¸Å·Î ³Ñ°ÜÁö°í, ÀϺδ Àαǿ°¡µéÀ̳ª Áß°³ÀεéÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ±â Àü±îÁö´Â
Áß±¹ÀÎ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ±¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Áß±¹ ½Ã°ñ³²ÀÚµé°ú »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. More than 32,000 North Koreans have escaped to South Korea since
a famine hit their country in the 1990s, and their harrowing journeys are often made worse by having to spend years
in limbo in China, according to defectors, human rights researchers and South
Korean officials. Some are trapped there for years, forced to work in the sex
industry or live with men in the countryside who could not find Chinese wives
before the women enlist the help of human rights activists and smugglers to
reach South Korea.
¼Ò³à°¡ ¿©¼¸ »ìÀ̾úÀ» ¶§, Áß±¹ÀÎ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÎ¸ð¸¦
Ä®·Î »ìÇØÇϰí ÀáÀÚ´ø ¼Ò³à¿¡°Ôµµ ¾ó±¼°ú, ¸ñ, ¾î±ú¸¦ ¾ÆÈ© Â÷·Ê³ª Ä®·Î Â°í ½º½º·Î
ÀÚ»ìÇß´Ù. ¾ö¸¶¿Í µþÀÌ ¸¶Ä§³» µµÂøÇÑ Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¼ºÇü¼ö¼úÀ» ¿©·¯ ¹ø ÇßÀ½¿¡µµ ¼Ò³àÀÇ
ÈäÅÍ´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù. When Seon-mi was about 6, her Chinese father murdered his own
parents with a knife and then killed himself. But before he did so, he slashed
Seon-mi nine times in the chin, neck and shoulder. Despite repeated plastic
surgeries in South Korea, which the mother and daughter finally reached, the
girl¡¯s scars are still visible.
¡°Àú´Â ¹æ ÇÑ ±¸¼®¿¡¼ ¿ï¸é¼ ¾Æºü°¡ ¾ö¸¶¸¦ ¶§¸®´Â °É º¸°ï
Çß¾î¿ä.¡± ±×³à´Â Áß±¹¿¡¼ÀÇ ¾î·ÈÀ» ÀûÀ» ȸ°íÇÑ´Ù.
¡°ÇѹøÀº ¾ö¸¶°¡ Áã¾àÀ» ¸Ô°í ÀÚ»ìÀ» ½ÃµµÇß¾î¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ¼Ò³à´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.(ÀÌ ±â»ç¸¦ À§ÇØ
ÀÎÅͺäÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº »ç»ýȰº¸È£¸¦ À§ÇØ °¡¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù) ¡°I used to cry in the corner of the room while my father thrashed
my mom,¡± she recalled of her early years in China. ¡°She once attempted suicide with rat poison,¡± said Seon-mi, who, like other children interviewed for this
article, is identified by first name only to protect her privacy.
ÃÖ±Ù ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ³²ÇÑ¿¡ ¿Â ºÏÇÑ ÀÌÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ 80 %´Â ¿©¼ºÀ̾ú°í
°ÅÀÇ ¸ðµÎ°¡ Áß±¹À» ÅëÇØ Å»ºÏ Çß´Ù. In recent years, 80 percent of North Korean migrants reaching
the South have been women, and almost all of them fled through China.
Àαǿ°¡, ±âµ¶±³ ¼±±³»ç, ¹Ð¼ö²ÛµéÀº Å»ºÏ ¹ÎµéÀÌ Áß±¹¿¡¼
¶ó¿À½º³ª ű¹°ú °°ÀÌ Çѱ¹´ë»ç°ü¿¡ ¸Á¸í ½ÅûÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î °¥ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï,
±×·¡¼ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁØ´Ù. ¼Ò³àÀÇ ¾ö¸¶´Â ¹Ð¼ö²ÛÀÇ µµ¿òÀ»
¹Þ¾Æ Çѱ¹¿¡ µµÂøÇÑ ÈÄ, Áß±¹¿¡¼ ž Áß±¹ ¿©±ÇÀ» ¼ÒÁöÇÏ¿© ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ¿Ã ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò³à¸¦ Çѱ¹¿¡ ¿Àµµ·Ï Çß´Ù. Human rights activists, Christian missionaries and smugglers
help many defectors get from China to countries like Laos and Thailand, where
they can request asylum in South Korean embassies and eventually get to the
South. Seon-mi¡¯s mother reached South Korea with the help of a smuggler and
later sent for Seon-mi, who could go there legally because, having been born
in China, she held a Chinese passport.

¡ã ¿À¸¥ÂÊ ¿¬Èñ, ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡¼ ¼¼ ¹øÂ°, ¼Ò³à, ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡¼ µÎ
¹øÂ°, ¹Ì·¡, 10¿ù ¡®µÎ¸®Çϳª Çб³¡¯
ÇÕâ ¿¬½À Áß¿¡. ´º¿åŸÀÓÁî Jean Chung ÃÔ¿µ. ¡ã Seon-mi, third from right, Mi-yeon, second from right, and
Da-hee, right, during choir practice in October at the Durihana school. Credit Jean Chung for The New York Times
±×·¯³ª ¸¹Àº ¿©¼ºµé°ú ±×µéÀÇ Áß±¹Å»ý ÀÚ³àµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ °í³ÀÌ
Çѱ¹¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ°í ³ª¼µµ ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Áß±¹¿¡¼ ž±â
¶§¹®¿¡, Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â ±×µéÀ» °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î Å»ºÏ ¹ÎÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áï, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î
Å»ºÏ ¹Î¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ¹«·á ÀÇ·áÇýÅÃÀ̳ª ´ëÇÐÀÔÇÐ, ÁÖÅà Áö¿øÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â
¶æÀÌ´Ù. But many of the women and their Chinese-born children find that
their suffering is not over once they finally settle in South Korea. Because
the children were born in China, South Korea¡¯s government does not officially
consider them defectors from the North. That means they get limited access to
the governmental support normally given to defectors, like free health care,
free college enrollment and housing subsidies.
Á¤ºÎÀÚ·á¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¾à 1,530¸íÀÇ Áß±¹Å»ý Å»ºÏ¹Î Àڳడ
Çѱ¹ Çб³¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±Þ¿ìµéÀº Á¾Á¾ ±×µéÀÇ ¹è°æÀ̳ª ±×µéÀÌ Çѱ¹ ¸»À» Àß
¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ³î¸°´Ù. ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´õ¿í º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏµéÀÌ Çѱ¹¿¡¼
¸¸³ª´Â ³²ÀÚµé°ú »õ·Î¿î °¡Á¤À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© Áý¿¡¼ °¥µî°ü°è¿¡ ³õÀδٴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. About 1,530 Chinese-born children of North Korean defectors
have been enrolled in South Korean schools, according to government data. Classmates
often taunt them for their background and for not speaking Korean well. Further
complicating matters is that their mothers often start new families with men
they meet in South Korea, straining ties at home.
¼Ò³à°¡ 2015³â Çѱ¹¿¡ ¿Â Á÷ÈÄ ±×·¨µíÀÌ, ¸¹Àº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Çб³¸¦
ÁßµµÆ÷±âÇÏ°í °á±¹Àº õ±â¿ø ¸ñ»çÀÇ ¼¿ï ¡®µÎ¸®Çϳª
±¹Á¦Çб³¡¯¿Í °°Àº º¸È£¼Ò¿¡ °¡°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¼Ò³àÀÇ ¾ö¸¶¿Í
±×³àÀÇ »õ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ±×³à°¡ Çѱ¹ÀÇ °ø¸³Çб³¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í °á·Ð ³»·È´Ù. Many drop out of school and end up in shelters, like the Rev. Chun Ki-won¡¯s Durihana International School in Seoul, as Seon-mi did soon after her arrival in South Korea
in 2015. Her mother and her stepfather decided that she could not adapt to South
Korea¡¯s public schools.
¡°ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº Å»ºÏ ¹Îµéº¸´Ù ´õ ºÒ¸®ÇÑ Ã³¿ì¸¦ ¹Þ½À´Ï´Ù.¡±
õ¸ñ»ç°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô
ÇØÁÖ´Â °Å¶ó°ï Çѱ¹ ±¹ÀûÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡± ¡°These children are more disadvantaged than North Korean defectors
themselves,¡± Mr. Chun said. ¡°Giving them South Korean citizenship is about all the government
does for them.¡±
ÃÖ±Ù ¾î´À ±Ý¿äÀÏ, º¸È£¼ÒÀÇ 3Ãþ °Ç¹° ¹®¿¡´Â Åð°Å¸í·ÉÀÌ
ºÙ¾ú´Ù. °Ç¹°ÀÌ Àç°³¹ß »ç¾÷¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵưí, ±×°Ô ¾Æ´Ï¶óµµ õ¸ñ»ç´Â ÀÓ´ë·á¸¦ ³¾ ÃæºÐÇÑ
ÈÄ¿ø±ÝÀ» ¸ðÀ¸Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¾È¿¡¼´Â Å»ºÏ¹Î ÀÚ³àµéÀÇ ÇÕâ´ÜÀÌ Çѱ¹ °¡Á¤ÀÇ ½Ê´ë ÀÚ¿øºÀ»çÀÚµé°ú
ÇÔ²² ¿¬½À ÁßÀ̾ú´Ù. On a recent Friday, the doors of the three-story shelter bore
eviction orders. The building had been included in a redevelopment project,
and Mr. Chun, at any rate, hadn¡¯t gotten enough donations to pay the rent.
Inside, a choir of defectors¡¯ children practiced with teenage volunteers from
South Korean families.
¡°³ª´Â È¥ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¿¡¿ä.¡± ±×µéÀÌ
³ë·¡Çß´Ù. ¡°¸¹Àº »óó°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿ôÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¿ä.¡±
¡°I am not alone,¡± they sang. ¡°For all my scars, I can still smile.¡±
¡°º¸È£½Ã¼³ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ¿ô°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÕâ ¿¬½À¿¡¼ °¡Àå
Èûµç ºÎºÐ Áß Çϳª¿´½À´Ï´Ù.¡± ±èÈñö ´ëÇ¥°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.
±×´Â Çѱ¹ÇÕ⿬ÇÕÀÇ ´ëÇ¥·Î, ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ÁöµµÇÏ´Â ºÀ»ç¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
¡°À̰ÍÀº ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ÀڽۨÀ» ½É¾îÁÖ´Â ½É¸®Ä¡·á ¼¼¼Ç°úµµ °°¾Æ¿ä.¡± ¡°Making the refugee children smile has been one of the hardest
parts of the choir practice,¡± said Kim Hee-churl, the general manager of the Korean Federation
for Choral Music, who volunteered to coach the children. ¡°This is more like a therapy session to instill them with self-confidence.¡±
µé¸± µí ¸» µí ÇÑ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î 14»ì ÀÎÇõÀº ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼ žî³
ÀڽŰú Àڱ⠳²µ¿»ýÀº º¸È£¼Ò¿¡¼ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁö, »õ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í ±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ±â¿Í
»ç´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÁÁ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. In a barely audible voice, Won-hyok, 14, said he and his younger
brother, both born in North Korea, preferred the shelter to living with their
father, his new wife and their baby.

¡ã ÀÎÇõ, À§, ´Ù¸¥ Çлý°ú ÇÔ²²
¡®µÎ¸®Çϳª ±â¼÷»ç¡¯ÀÇ °Å½Ç¿¡¼. ´º¿åŸÀÓÁî Jean Chung
ÃÔ¿µ. ¡ã Won-hyok, top, with another
student in the living room of their Durihana dorm. Credit Jean Chung for The
New York Times
Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ÅÂ¾î³ 13»ì ¿¬Èñ´Â ºÎ¸ð´ÔÀÌ Å»ºÏ¹ÎÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡
±×³à¸¦ ¡®°ø»ê´ç¡¯À̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´ø
Çб³Ä£±¸¿Í ÁÖ¸Ô´ÙÁüÀ» Çß¾ú´Ù. 8¿ù¿¡ º¸È£¼Ò¿¡ ¿À±â Àü±îÁö ±×³à´Â ¼ú°ú ´ã¹è¸¦
Çϰí, ¼¼Å¹±â°è¿¡¼ µ¿ÀüÀ» ÈÉÄ¡¸ç °Å¸®¿¡¼ Áö³Â¾ú´Ù. Da-hee, 13, who was born in South Korea, used to get into fistfights
with classmates who called her a ¡°commie¡± because both of her parents had fled the North. By the time
she was brought to the shelter in August, she had been living on the streets,
smoking, drinking and stealing coins from laundromats.
õ¸ñ»çÀÇ ½Ã¼³¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 60¸íÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌµé ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¼Ò³àó·³ Áß±¹¿¡¼
ž´Ù. 15¼¼ÀÎ ¹Ì·¡´Â Áß±¹ µ¿ºÏºÎ ¹«´ÜÀå¿¡¼¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ú´Âµ¥ °Å±â¼ ±×³à´Â ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÁßµ¶ÀÚÀÎ
Áß±¹ÀÎ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ Å»ºÏ¹ÎÀÎ ¾ö¸¶¸¦ ±¸Å¸ÇÏ´Â °É ÀÚÁÖ ºÃ´Ù. Most of the 60 children in Mr. Chun¡¯s shelter, like Seon-mi,
were born in China. Mi-yeon, 15, grew up in Mudanjiang in northeastern China, where
she often saw her alcoholic Chinese father beat up her North Korean mother.
°¡Á¤Æø·Â ¼Ó¿¡¼, ¹Ì·¡´Â ¾Æºü°¡ ¾ö¸¶¸¦ 943ºÒ¿¡ ¡®»ò´Ù¡¯´Â
°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇѹøÀº ¾Æºü°¡ ¾ö¸¶¸¦ ºÒ¹ýü·ùÀÚ·Î Áß±¹ °æÂû¿¡ °í¹ßÇÏ¿©, ¾ö¸¶°¡
ºÏ¼ÛµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ö¸¶°¡ ºÏÇÑ °¨¿Á¿¡¼ Ç®·Á³ª ´Ù½Ã Áß±¹À¸·Î ¿ÀÀÚ, ¾Æºü´Â ¾ö¸¶¸¦ ´Ù½Ã
»ò´Ù. Amid the family violence, Mi-yeon learned that her father had
¡°bought¡± her mother for 6,500 renminbi ($943). Her father once reported
her mother as an illegal migrant to the Chinese police, so she was sent back
to North Korea. After she was released from prison there and made her way back
to China, he bought her again.
¾ö¸¶°¡ 2014³â¿¡ ¹Ð¼ö²ÛÀÇ µµ¿òÀ¸·Î Áß±¹¿¡¼ µµ¸ÁÄ¥ ¶§ ¹Ì·¡µµ
µû¶ó°¬´Ù. ¶ó¿À½º¸¦ ÅëÇØ Çѱ¹À¸·Î °¡´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼ µÑÀº ÀڽŵéÀ» »ê Áß±¹ÀÎ ³²ÀڷκÎÅÍ
µµ¸ÁÄ¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚµéÀ» ¸¸³µ´Ù. ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ´Â ±×³àÀÇ ¡®³²Æí¡¯ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Ä£±¸µé ¾Õ¿¡¼
°Á¦·Î ¿ÊÀ» ¹þ±â°í ÀÚ¶ûÇß´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. Mi-yeon tagged along when her mother fled China with the help
of smugglers in 2014. On their way to South Korea via Laos, the two met other
North Korean women fleeing the Chinese men who had purchased them. One woman
said her ¡°husband¡± showed her off by forcing her to appear naked before his friends.
¡°¸¹Àº Áß±¹ÀεéÀÌ ½ÅºÐÁõµµ »çÁÖ°í ºÏÇÑ ¾Æ³»µé¿¡°Ô Àß ´ëÇØ
ÁÖÁö¸¸, ¾î¶² À̵éÀº ±×µéÀ» ³ë¿¹³ª Àå³°¨Ã³·³ ´ëÇØ¿ä.¡±
¹Ì·¡°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°Àú´Â ¾ö¸¶°¡ ¾Æºü·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô,
±×¸®°í Áß±¹°æÂû¿¡°Ô ÀâÇô ´Ù½Ã ºÏ¼ÛµÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â µÎ·Á¿òÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô »ì±â¸¦
¿øÇß¾î¿ä.¡±¡°Many Chinese men treated their North Korean wives nicely,
buying them identification documents, but others treated their women like slaves
or toys,¡± Mi-yeon said. ¡°I wanted my mom to live free from my father and free
from the fear of getting caught by the Chinese police and sent back to North
Korea again.¡±
ÈÞ¸Õ ¶óÀÌÃ÷ ¿öÄ¡(Human Rights Watch)´Â ÃÖ±Ù ÇÑ º¸°í¼¿¡¼
Áß±¹¿¡¼ ¼ÛȯµÈ ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ºÏÇÑ °¨¿Á¿¡¼ °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸¸¿¬ÇÑ ¼ºÆø·ÂÀ» ±ÔźÇß´Ù. A recent report from Human Rights Watch condemned the widespread sexual violence that women repatriated
from China suffer in North Korean prisons.
Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¹Ì·¡´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Áß±¹¿¡¼ ¿Ô´Ù´Â ¼Ò¹®ÀÌ ÆÛÁø ÈÄ¿¡
Çб³¿¡¼ Ä£±¸¸¦ »ç±Í±â ¾î·Á¿öÁ³´Ù. ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¾ö¸¶´Â Àܾ÷À» ÇØ¼ ±×³à¸¦ µ¹º¼ ½Ã°£ÀÌ
¾ø¾ú°í, ¶Ç ÇÑ ³²ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸³ª±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¹Ì·¡´Â 2016³â¿¡ º¸È£½Ã¼³¿¡ ¿À°Ô
µÆ´Ù. In South Korea, Mi-yeon had trouble making friends in school
after rumors spread that she was from China. Her mother worked overtime and
hardly had time to look after her, and she began seeing another man. So Mi-yeon
came to the shelter in 2016.

¡ã ¹Ì·¡, ¿ÞÂÊ, ¼Ò³à¿Í ÇÔ²² ±×³àÀÇ ±â¼÷»ç ¹æ¿¡¼. ´º¿åŸÀÓÁî
Jean Chung ÃÔ¿µ. ¡ã
Mi-yeon,
left, in her dorm room with Seon-mi. Credit Jean Chung for The
New York Times
ÀÛ³â 4¿ù, º¸È£¼Ò¿¡¼ »ì´ø Â÷ºÐÇÑ ¼º°ÝÀÇ ¼Ò³à Âù¹Ì°¡ ¾ö¸¶¿Í
Áö³»·Á°í °¬Áö¸¸, ¾ö¸¶´Â ½Ä´ç¿¡¼ ´ÊÀº ¹ã±îÁö ÀÏÇß´Ù. ±â´Ù¸²¿¡ ÁöÄ£ Âù¹Ì´Â °á±¹
¾ÆÆÄÆ® 9Ãþ¿¡¼ ¶Ù¾î³»·Á ÀÚ»ìÀ» ½ÃµµÇß´Ù. In April of last year, a quiet girl who lived at the shelter, Choon-mi, went to stay with her mother, who worked late into the night
at a restaurant. But Choon-mi ended up trying to kill herself by jumping from
her mother¡¯s ninth-floor apartment.
¡°Àú´Â ¾ö¸¶°¡ ³Ê¹« º¸°í ½Í¾ú°í ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ¸»ÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹¾ÒÁö¸¸
¾ö¸¶´Â ´Ã ³» °ç¿¡ ¾ø¾ú¾î¿ä.¡±¶ó°í 17¼¼ Âù¹Ì´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.
³ôÀº °÷¿¡¼ ¶Ù¾î³»·ÈÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×³à´Â »ì¾Ò°í ÀÌÁ¦´Â ´Ù½Ã °ÉÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¡°I missed my mom so much and had so much to discuss with her,
but she was not always there for me,¡± said Choon-mi, 17. Despite the height from which she jumped,
she survived her suicide attempt and is now able to walk again.
ÀϺΠ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øÀº Å»ºÏ¹Î ÀÚ³àµé, ƯÈ÷ Áß±¹¿¡¼ ÅÂ¾î³ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡
´ëÇÑ ÇýÅÃÀ» È®´ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹ý¾ÈÀ» Á¦Á¤ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀº ºÏÇÑÀαǺ¸ÀåÀ»
Áß¿ä½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Çѱ¹¿¡¼ Áö¿øÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ¿© ¸·ÇôÀÖ´Ù. Some lawmakers have tried to enact laws to expand the benefits
for children of North Korean defectors, especially those born in China. But
their efforts remain stalled for lack of support in South Korea, where ensuring
human rights for North Koreans has rarely been a priority.
¼¿ï´ëÇб³ ÆòÈÅëÀÏ¿¬±¸¼Ò°¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ¼³¹®°á°ú¿¡ µû¸£¸é,
ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ µé¾î Çѱ¹ »ç¶÷µéÀº Å»ºÏ ¹ÎµéÀ» ¾î·Á¿î ³ëµ¿½ÃÀåÀÇ °æÀïÀÚ·Î ÀνÄÇϸç, Å»ºÏ
¹Îµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎ º¸Á¶±Ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÌ µÆ´Ù. µ¿ ¼³¹®Àº Çѱ¹ »ç¶÷ÀÇ 30% ¹Ì¸¸ÀÌ
Á¤ºÎ°¡ Å»ºÏ ¹ÎµéÀÇ ¸Á¸í½ÅûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÀÀ´äÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. 10 ³â Àü 44%¿¡¼
Ç϶ôÇÑ ¼öÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù. In recent years, South Koreans have become more skeptical about
increasing government subsidies for defectors, increasingly seeing them as competitors
in a tough labor market, according to a survey released last month by the Institute
for Peace and Unification Studies at Seoul National University. The same survey
found that fewer than 30 percent of South Koreans want the government to accept
all asylum seekers from the North, down from 44 percent a decade earlier.
¹®ÀçÀÎ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ Áøº¸Á¤ºÎ´Â ³»³â ¿¹»ê¾È¿¡¼ Å»ºÏ¹Î Á¤Âø
Áö¿ø±ÝÀ» »è°¨Çϰí, ºÏÇѰú °æÁ¦Àû Çù·ÂÀ» Á¦°íÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ» ´Ã·È´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§´Â
µÎ Á¤ºÎ °£ À¯´ë¸¦ ½×°í ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ¹«±â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ À§±â¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. In the South¡¯s proposed budget for next year, President Moon
Jae-in¡¯s progressive government has slashed funds for helping defectors resettle,
while sharply increasing expenditures for potential economic cooperation with
North Korea. His priority remains building inter-Korean
ties and resolving the crisis over the North¡¯s nuclear weapons
program.
Á¤ºÎ´Â Å»ºÏ ¹Îµé°ú ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ» µîÇѽÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
¿¹»ê »è°¨ÀÌ ºÏÇÑ Çö ÁöµµÀÚÀÎ ±èÁ¤ÀºÀÌ ±¹°æ ÅëÁ¦¸¦ °ÈÇϸç Å»ºÏÇϱⰡ ¾î·Á¿öÁ®
Å»ºÏ¹Î¼ö°¡ ÁÙÀº µ¥ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â ¹«·á Çѱ¹¾î ±³½Ç µî Áß±¹ Å»ý ÀÚ³àµéÀÇ
Áö¿øÀ» È®´ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. The government denies neglecting North Korean defectors and
their children. It attributes the budget cut to the declining number of new
arrivals in recent years, with Kim Jong-un, the North¡¯s current leader, having
made it more difficult to flee the country by tightening border controls. The
government says it is expanding support for children born in China, including
an offer of free Korean-language classes.
¹Ì·¡´Â Áß±¹¿¡¼ ÆÈ·Á°¡´Â Å»ºÏ ¿©¼ºµé°ú ±× ÀÚ³àµéÀÇ °íÅë¿¡
¼¼»óÀÌ Á» ´õ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á®ÁáÀ¸¸é ÁÁ°Ú´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. Mi-yeon said she hoped the world would pay more attention to
the plight of North Korean women sold in China, and their children.
¡°Áß±¹¿¡¼ Èûµé¾ú¾î¿ä. ±×·±µ¥ Çѱ¹¿¡¼µµ »óȲÀÌ º¯ÇÏÁø
¾Ê¾Ò¾î¿ä.¡± ±×³à°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°It was hard in China, but things didn¡¯t change for us in
South Korea, either,¡± she said.